^B{^#!16!5 August^N! Feast day of St Afra, St Nonna, and Saints Addai and Mari.
^B{1583^B} English soldier and navigator Humphrey Gilbert claimed Newfoundland for Elizabeth I. ^B{1858^B} The first transatlantic cable was opened when Queen Victoria exchanged greetings with US President Buchanan. ^B{1891^B} The first American Express traveler's check was cashed. ^B{1914^B} The first electrical traffic lights were installed, in Cleveland, Ohio. ^B{1924^B} The Turkish government abolished polygamy. ^B{1960^B} Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) achieved full independence from France. ^B{1962^B} ANC leader Nelson Mandela was arrested and given a life sentence on charges of attempting to overthrow the South African government. ^B{1963^B} The Test Ban Agreement was signed by the US, the USSR, and the UK, contracting to test nuclear weapons only underground.
^B{^I{^#!14!Born ^N}Niels Henrik Abel, Norwegian mathematician, ^B{1802^B}; Guy de Maupassant, French author, ^B{1850^B}; John Huston, US film director, ^B{1906^B}; Joan Hickson, English actress, ^B{1906^B}; Neil Armstrong, US astronaut, ^B{1930^B}; Bob Geldof, Irish musician, ^B{1951^B}.
^B{^I{^#!14!Died ^N}Thomas Newcomen, English inventor, ^B{1729^B}; Frederick North, British politician, ^B{1792^B}; Alexis Benoît Soyer, French chef and writer, ^B{1858^B}; Friedrich Engels, German political writer, ^B{1895^B}; Marilyn Monroe, US film actress, ^B{1962^B}; Richard Burton, Welsh actor, ^B{1984^B}; Eugen Suchon, Slovakian composer, ^B{1993^B}.
